NUTS?
Once upon a time, cashew nuts were two dollars per pound. When I was young,
I lived on cashew nuts, brown rice, fresh fruit and vegetables, yoghurt and
sunflower seeds. Our average food cost was five dollars per week. We lived in a
City Co-operative community, and worked for each other maintaining a food co-op.
Of course, our food came from a wholesale source and was three times less than
from a market. But the cost of food, like everything else, was way less than it
is today.
Today, cashew nuts are from nine to thirteen dollars per pound. Our
household only enjoys the wonderful, creamy , soft nuts during festivals when we
permit ourselves some luxuries. As I researched the cashew nut and apple on the
net, I found that the harvest is made difficult by a property of the apple and
casing. It blisters the skin, causing contact dermatitis, and is considered the
worst cause of dermatitis.The cashew is from the family Anicardiaceae.
"The skin reaction occurs following sensitisation to various alkyl
catechols, phenols, quinols, and resorcinols. At high concentrations, these
compounds are also primary irritants."
Anacardium occidentale L: This cashew tree is a native of Brazil, and is
harvested principally for nuts, but also produces an oil, a gum, and timber,
called acajou, used in boat-building. Other names for the tree are Cashew-Nut
Tree, jambu Gajus, Jambu Golok, Keterek,Marănón , Jocote Marănón.
The following is also fromBoDD, since the notation on cashew fruit, called an apple
from which the nut grows at the end, is annotated as the work of Morton in
1961.
" The yellow or red cashew apple (technically a swollen peduncle) contains a
juice that is astringent until the fruit is ripe, when it is acid but edible.
The apple is the receptacle of the true fruit - the cashew nut. This nut is
lightly attached to the apex of the apple, and attains its full size before the
receptacle enlarges to form the apple. The apple is thus a false fruit. Between
the smooth outer shell and the inner shell of the nut is a fibrous pulp
containing a sticky brown oil - cashew nut shell liquid. This is caustic and
sensitising. The kidney shaped kernel is the cashew nut of commerce and is
innocuous unless contaminated with the shell oil, in which case it will appear
blackened. As with other nuts, the kernel contains a fixed oil resembling almond
oil (Prunus amygdalus Batsch, fam. Rosaceae). This is termed cashew oil or
anacardic oil. Ambiguity may arise between the the use of the terms cashew oil
and cashew nut shell liquid"
(Morton 1961).
The nuts have to be roasted in their shells in order to extract them
safely.There is little difficulty for the nut consumer, but the oil from the pod
is extracted separately to create a chemical which blisters a layer of skin.
This is used in a cosmetic process.
The nut shell oil can be found in use as folk medicine ( a rubefascient) in
brake liners,a preservative for fishing lines,and an insect repellant in book
liners. A dark pigment from the shell and apple is used as a permanent ink
marker, and also in hair dye. The oil is also used as a varnish, but should be
used with educated concern as to its nature.
I have never thought of the cashew nut casing itself. It is a beautiful
fruit to behold. An excellent source of an image for the actual fruit is fromThe University of Hawaii
Botanical Department. Go to Faculty: Carr and then anacardi.htm, or
"cashew".A most interesting spinoff of this fruit is the sculpture to be found
on a site from France,"Le Laboratoire de Phanerogamie du Museum" (Find Collections,
go to Carporama)
And I wish the lovely nuts were much cheaper like in the old days.
There is a great deal of info in the links listed above
as BoDD Botanical.
Suggested reading is both BoDD and an interest link on ecologization, "Ecologization for Poverty"
MORE
Link to Winter article: Revive! Eat Nuts, Stay Well
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2004 - 2009